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Zhang Ziqian
Zhang Ziqian (, 1899-1991), a famous seven-string zither qin players, was born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, Qing. He studied the guqin with a guqin master Suo Shaotao at the age of thirteenth. In the 1930s, Zhang moved to Shanghai and worked as an accountant at a salt factory. 〔 Dai 1991, p. 79 〕 In Shanghai, he met Zha Fuxi and Peng Zhiqing who were active qin players then. They frequently played the guqin together and Zhang’s playing skills were greatly influenced by them. In 1936, Zhang, Zha, Peng and other masters founded Jin Yu Qin She (Qin Society of Contemporary Yu Region), a qin society. In 1956, Zhang became a guqin performer by being appointed as a member of the state-run Shanghai Minzu Yuetuan (Shanghai National Music Ensemble); and a guqin teacher at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music in 1960. 〔 Dai 1991, p. 82 〕
As a professional guqin performer of the Guanling School, one of the qin schools, Zhang skillfully transcribed guqin pieces from ancient manuscripts with the Guanling style and his distinctive interpretations, e.g. rhythmic variations. His famous pieces includes ''Longxiang Cao'' (Soaring Dragon), ''Pingsha Luoyan'' (Geese Descending on the Sandbank), and ''Meihua Sannong'' (Three Variations of Plum Blossom).〔 Gong 1989, p.849 〕 His rendition of Longxiang Cao is considered one of his best interpretations and thus he is also known as ''Zhang Longxiang'' (張龍翔).
Zhang was also devoted to writing articles and essays on guqin. In 1961, he published ''Guqin Chujie'' (A Preliminary Introduction to the Guqin) with Zha Fuxi and Shen Caonong. This publication features guqin history, guqin construction, guqin playing technique, guqin notation, and guqin pieces, which is considered as a major introductory manual for beginners.
==Footnotes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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